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What forms does domestic violence take?

Physical violence is the most visible, but it is not the only form of abuse an abuser can inflict on a victim. Law 217/2003 republished penalises the following forms of violence:

  1. verbal violence - addressing through offensive, brutal language, such as the use of insults, threats, degrading or humiliating words and expressions;

  2. psychological violence - imposing will or personal control, causing mental stress and suffering in any way and by any means, by verbal or any other means, blackmail, demonstrative violence on objects and animals, ostentatious display of weapons, neglect, control of personal life, acts of jealousy, coercion of any kind, unlawful stalking, surveillance of the victim's home, place of work or other places frequented by the victim, making telephone calls or other types of communication by means of remote transmission which by their frequency, content or timing create fear, and other actions with similar effect;

  3. physical violence - injury to body or health by hitting, pushing, shoving, pulling hair, pricking, cutting, burning, strangulation, biting, in any form and of any intensity, including masquerading as the result of accidents, by poisoning, poisoning, and other actions having a similar effect, by being subjected to strenuous physical effort or to activities involving a high degree of risk to life or health and bodily integrity, other than those under (e);

  4. sexual violence - sexual assault, imposition of degrading acts, harassment, intimidation, manipulation, brutality for forced sexual relations, marital rape;

  5. economic violence - prohibition of professional activity, deprivation of economic means, including deprivation of basic means of subsistence such as food, medicine, basic necessities, intentional taking of the person's property, prohibition of the right to possess, use and dispose of common property, unfair control over common property and resources, refusal to support the family, imposition of heavy and harmful work to the detriment of health, including on a minor family member, and other actions with similar effect;

  6. social violence - imposing isolation of the person from family, community and friends, prohibiting attendance at educational institution or workplace, prohibiting/limiting professional achievement, imposing isolation, including in shared accommodation, deprivation of access to living space, deprivation of identity documents, intentional deprivation of access to information, and other actions with similar effect;

  7. spiritual violence - underestimating or diminishing the importance of meeting moral-spiritual needs by prohibiting, limiting, ridiculing, penalising family members' aspirations, access to cultural, ethnic, linguistic or religious values, denying the right to speak in the mother tongue and to teach children to speak in the mother tongue, imposing adherence to spiritual and religious beliefs and practices;

  8. cyber violence - online harassment, online messages inciting gender-based hatred, online stalking, online threats, non-consensual publication of intimate information and graphic content, unlawful access to intercept private communications and data, and any other form of misuse of information and communication technology through computers, smart mobile phones or other similar devices that use telecommunications or can connect to the internet and can transmit and use social or email platforms, with the purpose of shaming, humiliating, scaring, threatening, silencing the victim.

Are you in a violent situation and need help?

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